ABSTRACT
The concept of multilevel governance (MLG) was first proposed by Gary Marks in the early 90s. It was meant to describe the then new kind of political system emerging in the European Community, mainly as a result of implementing the cohesion policy. The concept evolved and was used to describe various kinds of relationships between politically engaged actors and institutions – not only the public ones at different levels but also non-governmental organizations or private enterprises. In Germany, there is an instrument called Regional Development Scheme, "which even though is not legally binding, is now usually a binding or at least recommended instrument for national public grants applications". In 2013, as the Wroclaw Branch of the Society of Polish Town-Planners, we initiated a project called "Analysis of possibilities of implementing multi-level governance instruments in four chosen urban functional areas in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia".
