ABSTRACT
Environmental engineering science and the domain of environmental protection today are undergoing drastic changes. Environmental regulations and stringent restrictions are veritably urging the scientific domain to gear forwards toward newer challenges and newer innovations. Human civilization is challenged and the vision of science is targeted toward newer scientific rejuvenation and scientific regeneration. Global water crisis today stands in the midst of deep scientific introspection and immense challenges. This treatise investigates the wide domain of heavy metal and arsenic remediation technologies with the sole aim of furtherance of science and technology. Scientific challenges are ushering in a new eon in the field of global water research and development initiatives. Human mankind’s immense scientific prowess, the wide futuristic vision, and the challenges of engineering science are opening up new windows of scientific innovation in years to come. True realization and true emancipation of environmental engineering tools are the utmost need of the hour. The author deeply portrays the sources, chemical property, and speciation of heavy metals in groundwater. The treatment technologies delineated are chemical treatment technologies, in situ treatment by using reductants, reduction by dithionite, reduction by using iron-based technologies, removal of chromium by ferrous salts, soil washing, in situ soil flushing, in situ chelate flushing, in situ chemical fixation, and the vast domain of biological, biochemical, and biosorptive treatment technologies (Hashim et al. J. Environ. Manage. 2011, 92, 2355). The vast and versatile academic and scientific rigor in heavy metal remediation technologies are being challenged and the scientific domain is taking vast strides in true realization of zero-discharge norms and successful environmental sustainability. This treatise unravels the murky depths of environmental engineering science with a wide vision toward true emancipation of science and technology.
