ABSTRACT
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are surprisingly ubiquitous in their use for renewable energy applications as well as for environmental protection and remediation. Carbon materials are a class of adsorbents widely used in engineering. CNTs have high surface areas and good electrical, chemical, mechanical, and conducting properties. Investigations about environmental pollution, carried out across the world, confirm the presence of chlorophenols in many ecosystems: surface and ground waters, bottom sediments, atmospheric air, and soils. In the current state of water and energy nexus problems, there is an accelerating demand for green and efficient energy. As renewable and alternative source for electricity production, solar cells have a great potential because of their inexhaustible source. The photons adsorbed from the sun are converted into electricity in the photovoltaic devices. Lead and lead compounds are generally toxic pollutants and are non-biodegradable. Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in soil and volcanic dust and gases.
