ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses urology surgeries. It also explains the preoperative assessment, perioperative management, anaesthetic technique, complications, postoperative management and analgesia. These surgeries include cystectomy, cystoscopy, nephrectomy, penile surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, radical prostatectomy and transurethral resection of prostate. A wide spectrum of patients presents for urological surgery; procedures range from minor day-case operations to large open surgeries. Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract; the incidence is four times higher in men than in women. Cystoscopy allows the visualisation and biopsy of the urethra and bladder mucosa via either a flexible or a rigid fibre-optic scope. Nephrectomy involves the removal of a kidney with or without part of the ureter. In cases of radical nephrectomy the renal fascia, adrenal gland and regional lymph nodes are removed. Penile surgery includes a wide range of surgeries that are performed for medical, religious and cosmetic reasons.
