ABSTRACT
136Lithium/sulfur batteries are the new-generation efficient rechargeable battery systems, based on their high cell energy density in comparison to state of the art lithium-ion battery that could make most promising long-range candidates for the new-generation energy storage, with high energy density and low-cost application. This study is based on lithium, which works as a negative electrode and solid sulfur (sulfur with a theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g−1), which works as one of the most promising positive electrode materials. Lithium sulfide (Li2S) is the final discharge product and the only thermodynamically stable binary Li-S phase. However, the Li-S battery technology has addressed several challenges such as the inherent high electronic resistivity of sulfur and the higher order polysulfide’s (PS) shuttle mechanism in organic electrolytes, in between the anode and cathode, leads to active material loss due to solubility of lithium PS formed during the charging process in which long-chain lithium PS produced at the cathode, dissolve into the electrolyte, migrate and react with the lithium anode electrode, by that way, generate lower order PS in a parasitic manner, which leads to rapid reduction the capacity degradation and short cycle life performance. This review aims to cover recent advances in the Li-S battery, providing an overview of the Li-ion battery applications in energy storage by eliminating PS shuttle and maximizing the utilization of the PS, contributing to enhance energy density and columbic efficiency.
