ABSTRACT
The 1963 Constitution was a fairly standard British decolonisation model, but with special provisions, including a degree of federalism, and provisions on land and citizenship, to protect the resident white population. In 1994 civil society organisations had produced a model constitution, including a directive to the state to pursue "concrete measures" to ensure the rights of women, and a directive to the state to ensure women the equal opportunity to participate in development. Women's land rights were not specifically addressed – though arguably implied – in the 1994 civil society draft constitution. During the 1990s, the head of steam in society for constitutional change built up, culminating in 2000 with the president's acceptance that something must be done and the appointment of a commission to review the constitution. The 2010 Constitution did achieve many significant advances for women.
