ABSTRACT
This chapter concerns mostly with the practice of toleration in early modern Europe and the Mediterranean world and with the ways in which ordinary men and women adjusted to a reality of confessional plurality, religious coercion, persecution, and the horrors of wars motivated by faith. Benjamin Kaplan's Divided by Faith is an exemplary work drawn on an all-European canvass, analyzing day-to-day pragmatic interactions between neighbors belonging to different churches. The most crucial question on which the eirenists would not agree was the extent of toleration. Some of them would tolerate only groups or individuals who belonged more or less to their own camp: for example, other Protestants of various shades, but not Catholics, atheists, or infidels; or only the one large minority in the country but not various smaller denominations. Others believed that freedom of conscience and freedom of worship should be offered to all Christians.
