ABSTRACT
Crew Resource Management (CRM) has come under the attack in the USA because it has not eliminated accidents and incidents where human factors are a causal element. A known limitation of CRM is the oft-cited fact that not every participant responds to the training. CRM remains a success story of aviation and improvements in crew attitudes and effectiveness as a result of training have been documented. CRM training has evolved continuously during its nearly two decades of existence. The fifth generation differed from its predecessors in another way - the goal of CRM would be not just the avoidance of error (obviously the most felicitous outcome) but also trapping errors before they became consequential, and finally, mitigating the consequences of those errors that eluded all defences. Thus, rather than being a revolutionary change, fifth generation CRM, which is called as Error Management CRM (EMCRM) reflects a renewed emphasis on error embedded in a broader context.
