ABSTRACT
This chapter argues the alliance between global agrarian capitalism and state commercial strategies betting on the market expansion of genetically modified (GM) crops and its purported highest economic productivity went with the erosion of state and corporate responsibilities for both social and environmental reproduction. Based on research on the social mobilizations against the expansion of GM organisms in Argentina and Brazil, the chapter presents two cases of struggles that establish the connections between the production of transgenic crops and the threats to reproduction, constituting socio-environmental inequalities. The first relates to the struggle against contamination by pesticides associated with GM soy in Argentina, when a group of neighbors succeeds in making visible the threats to social reproduction. The second concerns the reactions to the approval of GM corn in Brazil as it impacts in the loss of biodiversity and farmers' rights over seeds. Brazil and Argentina are, respectively, the second and the third largest producers of GM crops.
