ABSTRACT
The most important aspects in which research is needed are mainly related to the increase in the effectiveness and efficiency of constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment effective. Constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment is very closely linked with the overall needs of studies to achieve better results with these systems, whatever the stage of treatment in which they are used. The case studies of the effectiveness of horizontal flow, vertical flow, and Hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs) in the Izucar de Matamoros wastewater treatment plants show that HCWs are the most promising option for the tertiary treatment of the effluent of the waste water treatment plants (WWTP) before its disposal into the Nexapa River. Although constructed wetlands represent a cost-effective alternative for the tertiary treatment of sewage of various types, they also present some limitations and aspects that have not yet been understood. These limitations can be grouped according to the stage of system development, such as design, construction, and operation.
