ABSTRACT
This chapter suggests that inequalities are not for Rousseau a priority as such and that the ultimate aim of his system is actually not political. It endeavours to demonstrate that the form of political constitution is only relevant as it relates to the basic and overarching question of individual happiness. The chapter shows that, for Rousseau, it is illusory to believe that in modern societies man can find happiness by pursuing the common good. It presents what Rousseau considers as the basis of happiness in modern societies. The chapter also discusses its political implications. Rousseau contends that manhood and citizenship are two opposite states of being, one that is natural and the other artificial, and that – due essentially to its moral corruption – the second option is no longer available. Virtue and happiness are inseparable for Rousseau because there is no happiness without self-discipline. To be virtuous is to be able to comply voluntarily with the law of necessity.
