ABSTRACT
The history of ijime, the Japanese term most similar to the Western concept of bullying, can be traced back to the 1980s. Actions against cyberbullying or net-ijime in Japan roughly started around 2006, following the rapid increase in mobile phone use and internet access among children and adolescents. Early studies focused on the negative effects of the rapid popularization of mobile phones on interpersonal relationships and living environments. Many of the internet-related problems were said to occur due to students' lack of foresight into what other people may think about their behaviour, insufficient consideration for how others may feel if they are attacked online, or limited awareness regarding having their secrets disclosed to many unknown people. The study done by Gini and colleagues focused on the relationship between classroom-collective moral disengagement and involvement in traditional bullying at school. Kanetsuna also examined the subjective risk perception, anxiety about victimization, and coping potential concerning cyberbullying, using the four hypothetical scenarios.
