ABSTRACT
This chapter contends that entrepreneurial activity, at multiple levels, is a crucial element of any action package to enhance the self-sustaining economic development of indigenous peoples. The relatively low socio-economic status of indigenous peoples in developed countries is a matter of significant concern. The chapter discusses the tri-levels of entrepreneurial activity. Firstly, the concept of heritage entrepreneurship is explained and mainly illustrated by drawing on the study of recent claims made by Maori, under the Treaty of Waitangi. The next level of tribal entrepreneurship is delineated with the principal elements for the success of this model drawn out. At the third level of entrepreneurship discussed – indigenous self-employment, the supporting role of government assistance is drawn attention to and an associated definition of commercial viability set out. The broad notion of advancing indigenous economic development is fundamentally linked to indigenous peoples' efforts to reduce their reliance on government benefits and to reassert their sovereign claims.
