ABSTRACT
Beginning in the late 1970s, the challenge of proposing and practicing new forms of resistance has been answered by the appearance of a number of oppositional movements and forms of struggle that have characterized the evolution of agri-food. The first ideal type refers to a theorization that stresses the variety of ways in which resistance is understood and practiced. The second ideal type refers to a view of resistance in which opposition to the neoliberal regime of agri-food is carried out through actions directed by and/or associated with the nation-state. The third ideal type involves a theorization of resistance that sees it as ultimately controlled by the very corporate forces and neoliberal impulses that it supposedly opposes. The limits of individually and locally based forms of resistance mentioned earlier beg the questions of the identification of effective agents and instruments of resistance, or put differently, the social forces that could oppose neoliberal capitalism through successful means.
