Introduction

The Greek word 'graphein' meaning 'to write' has been well known to humans for centuries. In the 1940s, graphene had been discussed only theoretically, but it took almost 60 years to obtain a high quality, two-dimensional one-atom-thick layer experimentally. In retrospect, graphene can be viewed as the basic building block of all graphitic forms. The amazing mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties of graphene are undeniable. Studies on graphene are steadily diverging from fundamental investigations and steering toward practical functions, ranging from coatings, additives, energy storage, electronics, as well as optoelectronics and photonics applications. With its high chemical stability mechanical strength, and carrier mobility graphene is a promising candidate for future high-technology applications. Exfoliation of bulk graphite is the most commonly used method for the mass production of small graphene sheets. A highly motivating technique for the production of high-quality and large-scale graphene films is the epitaxial growth of graphene.