ABSTRACT
Optical limiters are materials or devices with high transmittance for incident light with low power or intensity, such as ambient light, but low transmittance for input with high power or intensity, which is potentially damaging. Active optical limiters usually use a shutter that blocks out the potentially dangerous beam. Since it requires feedback from various components of the system, its operation is complex and is not practical for protection against fast lasers. Passive optical limiters, on the other hand, rely on a nonlinear optical material to moderate the transmittance of the incident light as a function of its intensity. In solution-based optical limiters, the limiting effects typically arise from nonlinear scattering. Chemical modification or blending could also allow for other nonlinear effects, improving the overall optical limiting performance. Optical limiting properties of graphene can also be tailored by altering the morphology of graphene.
