ABSTRACT
A great deal of development of outer-suburban zones was based on steam or electric narrow-gauge light railways. Contrary to main-line practice, these railways were dedicated to suburban traffic with their more frequent services. The number of trains was far from high by modern regional-railway standards: the Kolej Jablonowska had just three return services daily upon opening. A few years later, however, this number had increased to 13. The trains were allowed to travel at 21 km/h outside built-up areas since the rights-of-way were arranged mostly on reserved strips along the roads, with many level crossings. In the early 20th century the only form of frequent suburban service provided by main-line railways were those to the summer resorts. In the Galician capital of Lemberg the small forest suburb of Brzuchowice was served in 1914 by 11 dedicated trains on summer holidays; by comparison in Lemberg and Cracow daily services on any main or branch line numbered only about five.
