ABSTRACT

Reliance on groundwater is increasing across the globe. Groundwater constitutes more than 95% of the Earth’s unfrozen freshwater and is integral part of the water cycle (Alley et al. 2016a). With the invention of the centrifugal pump, advances in deep well pumping technology, increases in global population, and an increase in the standard of living throughout the world, groundwater has become more relied-upon as a water source for many communities, irrigators, and industries (Jarvis 2010). However, this increased reliance upon groundwater as a source for water has become problematic due to a series of issues associated with its overuse. Because of groundwater being physically invisible, it can be difficult to quantify reductions of water in storage or increases in depth to water. Likewise, contamination is hard to detect and often even harder to remedy.