ABSTRACT
Many rubber parts used in industrial products are subject to harmonic loads superposed on static pre-loads. The accompanying deformation processes are in general highly nonlinear. The nonlinearity is not only present in the static deformation through geometric nonlinearity and hyperelasticity, but also in the frequency response through vibration amplitude dependent stiffness and damping behavior. The storage and loss modulus of a filled rubber may strongly depend on the size of the vibration amplitude, which is known as the Payne effect. A heuristic model for the Payne effect combining the thixotropic model and the Kraus model (both available in Marc) is presented and it has been implemented in Marc with the help of user subroutine UPAYNE for the analysis of a rubber bushing.
