ABSTRACT
Introduction In order to theorize, manage – even engineer – resilience, it is necessary that the factors that contribute to resilience be identified, and that measures of these factors be validated and exercised. Yet to date there have been few systematic attempts to create such measures. Complicating the matter is the fact that the resilience of safety-critical systems may only be manifested during actual operations. As a result, opportunities for controlled study (even systematic observations) on resilient organizations are severely limited. There is therefore a clear need to identify the factors that contribute to resilience, develop measures for these factors, and validate instruments for estimating the values of these factors.
