ABSTRACT
Urban and regional planning are strongly rooted in and restricted to the cultural contexts or traits of a society, or as Sandercock (1998a, 30) stated: ‘Local communities have experiential, grounded, contextual, intuitive knowledges, which are manifested through speech, songs, stories, and various visual forms […], rather than the more familiar kinds of planning “sources” […]’. As consequence, urban and regional planning are understood and practiced differently depending on their constitutional settings and cultural roots that vary significantly across countries and regions (Friedmann 2005, 29; CEC 1997).
