ABSTRACT
A planning culture cannot be reduced to what planners say about planning. A planning culture is not only a professional culture (or ideology), but the way in which, in some historical moments, a (situated – national, regional or urban) society has institutionalised planning practices and discourses; in other words, values, ways of defining problems, rules, instruments, evaluation criteria, professional/expert roles and knowledge, and relations between institutions and actors, and among state, planners, and civil society (see also contributions of Gullestrup and Knieling/Othengrafen in this volume).
