ABSTRACT
Traditionally aircraft and railways have competed with each other on routes where they provided comparable travel times. However, with the increase in congestion and in environmental concern regarding aircraft operation, the Air Transport Industry (ATI) has begun to see an opportunity in the railways, making the way for cooperation between the modes. Predominantly, such cooperation takes the form of using the railways as an access mode to airports, but recently it has also taken the form of using the railway to replace the aircraft without replacing the service provider (the airline). Substitution of the aircraft by railway services is usually confined to routes where the railway service is by High-Speed Train (HST).
