ABSTRACT
This chapter explores whether the interrelations between nationalist attitudes and exclusionist reactions vary systematically according to individual and societal conditions. Comparing the correlations between exclusionist reactions and respectively, chauvinism and patriotism, a consistent finding emerged: the correlation between chauvinism and dimensions of exclusionist reactions was stronger than the correlation between patriotism and dimensions of exclusionist reactions. A central issue in the literature regarding the interrelation between ingroup and outgroup attitudes amounts to whether a positive stance towards the ingroup is inevitably related to outgroup derogation. According to William Sumner, positive ingroup and negative outgroup orientations are intertwined. The ethnocentrism syndrome has been regarded as a universal syndrome, common to all societies and cultures. Following Sumner's proposition of the syndrome of ethnocentrism and the basic propositions derived from social identity theory, the chapter proposes that nationalist attitudes and exclusionist reactions are positively interrelated in each country.
