ABSTRACT
The growth within the capitalist world-economy of the industrial sector of production, the so-called 'industrial revolution', was accompanied by a very strong current of thought which defined this change as both a process of organic development and of progress. Capitalism and a world-economy are obverse sides of the same coin. An individual is no less a capitalist exploiting labor because the state assists him to pay his laborers low wages and denies these laborers the right to change employment. Capitalism was from the beginning an affair of the world-economy and not of nation-states. The capitalism involves not only appropriation of the surplus-value by an owner from a laborer, but an appropriation of surplus of the whole world-economy by core areas. In capitalist market trade, purchase always has a real cost. Socialism involves the creation of a new kind of world-system, neither a redistributive world-empire nor a capitalist world-economy but a socialist world-government.
