ABSTRACT
Since 1999, in the aftermath of the Tampere European Council, the external aspects of asylum and migration – situated at the intersection of justice and home affairs and the Union’s external relations – have boomed significantly, resulting in the consistent inclusion of a migration dialogue in the Union’s cooperation with third countries. In 2001, Lavenex (2001b, 867) had already concluded that the external dimension constitutes one of the most dynamic aspects of European Union (EU) asylum and migration policy. Today, it can be argued strongly that the external dimension has evolved into a fully-fledged policy area.
