ABSTRACT
One of the primary issues with research and design projects that utilize big data of the natural and built-environments is the quantity and quality of the data available in many communities. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) combines the aspects of crowdsourcing, citizen scientist, and amateur mapmaker to create geospatial data sets using local knowledge. This chapter defines VGI and explores how designers and planners can employ and benefit from using VGI in projects requiring information about the natural or built environment, public use of space, individual user attributes, or an individual's perception of issues or policies that impact the planning and programming of a site. When properly implemented, VGI can extend the traditional participatory planning techniques and help overcome issues with insufficient, inaccurate, or excessive information in a timely fashion.
A limitation to VGI is that it carries no assurance of data quality because of a lack of central coordination and a strict data-collection framework. To minimize this problem, the author developed a facilitated-VGI (f-VGI) framework employing a map interface or geospatial survey instrument to collect information for a particular location using a set of explicit questions or parameters. In addition to improving the quality of user-generated data, f-VGI opens the process to a broader range of people, rather than limiting participation to tech-savvy individuals.
The author demonstrates the application of f-VGI in three projects involving geospatial mapping and public involvement. The author posits that those wishing to implement the full benefits of f-VGI should use a mapping technology that supports an open application programming 215interface (API) that allows for increased customization. The author also provides ten steps to consider when implementing a f-VGI project.
