ABSTRACT
This chapters provides changes in the European Union's (EU's) security and defence policy in order to determine whether national security and defence policies are becoming more 'Europeanised' or, by contrast more 'nationalised' over time. It argues that intra-EU cooperation – intergovernmental cooperation within the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) framework – constitutes the main mode of cooperation within this policy area, although there still remains significant bilateral cooperation with other Member States and with other security actors outside the EU. The chapter provides an overview of the main changes at the EU level that have led to the establishment of a CSDP. It examines three areas where Member States have played a key role: the institutionalisation of CSDP, the emergence of a strategic culture at the EU level and capability development. The chapter determine the extent to which Member State security and defence policies have shaped and been shaped by developments in this policy area.
