ABSTRACT
Humans have traditionally viewed their capacity for language as something special and unique among the creatures of the planet. We typically describe the communication systems of all other animals as nonverbal-a term implying the absence of intentionality, symbolic encoding, and internal structure (Feldman & Rime, 1991; Hinde, 1972). The term nonverbal communication is also applied to everything humans do while communicating, other than using language, including gestures, facial expressions, body postures, and so forth (von Cranach & Vine, 1973).
