ABSTRACT
The breadth and depth of a holistic model was developed further by Okanagan scholar, Jeannette Armstrong’s vision for Native education. Kate identifi ed the elements of learning as te hinengaro (intellect), wairua (spirit), and te tinana (body). Jeannette added a fourth level, the need for emotional development. She then introduced the dimensions of depth and breadth to our understanding of Native epistemology. Jeannette explained that the intellect, spirit, emotion, and body must also be developed at four levels, which include self, family, community, and land. This, Jeannette teaches, brings together all the aspects of human life.
