ABSTRACT
Interest in adapting tests that have been developed for a particular language and culture for use with a second language and cultural group has been prevalent among educational and psychological researchers and practitioners for most of the 20th century. As an example, Hambleton and Bollwark (1991) discussed early translations of the Binet-Simon intelligence test. They point out that the test was translated from French to English in 1911 and used to evaluate intel-ligence of residents of the New Jersey-based Vineland Training School. Hambleton and Bollwark went on to say that by 1916 the Binet-Simon had been translated into seven different languages (citing Stanley & Hopkins, 1972). They continued by pointing out other important intelligence tests and related
scales that have been translated into the primary language of the examinees to be tested.
