ABSTRACT
Separation processes as a whole have grown in importance because of increasingly stringent requirements for product purity [1]. Among the different membrane techniques, pressure-driven processes such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) were the first to undergo rapid commercialization [2-4]. These processes basically differ in pore size distribution of membranes used and the types of compounds recovered. A typical schematic of the exclusion of various compounds through different membrane processes is illustrated in Figure 42.1.
