Radiofrequency Energy-Induced Heating during Magnetic Resonance Procedures: Laboratory and Clinical Experiences

I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................75 II. MR Procedures and Specific Absorption Rate.......................................................................76 III. RF Energy-Induced Heating and MR Procedures: Evaluation

of Laboratory Animals ............................................................................................................76 IV. Characteristics of RF Energy-Induced Heating: Implications

for Human Subjects ................................................................................................................78 V. Important Considerations for Evaluation of Physiological Changes during

RF Energy-Induced Heating ...................................................................................................79 VI. RF Energy-Induced Heating and MR Procedures: Assessment of Volunteer

Subjects and Patients ..............................................................................................................80 VII. RF Energy-Induced Heating and Thermal-Sensitive Organs.................................................87