ABSTRACT
The trace elements iron (Fe), zinc, iodine, and selenium are essential micronutrients for various functions in the human body. A diversified diet is the best approach to ensure their adequate supply, yet such a diet may not be available to all population groups at all times. Universal Fe fortification is generally recommended for countries in which the risk of ID is high for all population groups other than adult men and postmenopausal women. The latest WHO guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients give recommendations for most vehicles and, more importantly, a way to calculate fortificant levels. Iodine is essential for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine, which regulate key biochemical reactions such as protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and basal metabolic rate. Biofortification has been defined as the “development of micronutrient-dense staple crops using the best traditional breeding practices and modern biotechnology”.
