ABSTRACT

There is growing evidence that human activities in an increasingly globalized, industrialized, and interconnected world are inuencing both air quality and climate change ranging from urban and regional to continental and global scales. Rapid

17.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 493 17.2 Sources and Transport of Atmospheric Pollutants ..................................... 494 17.3 Impacts of Air Pollution ............................................................................. 496 17.4 Visibility Impairment and Regional Haze ................................................. 497 17.5 Regional Ecosystem Impacts ..................................................................... 498

17.5.1 Acid and Fixed Nitrogen Deposition .............................................. 498 17.5.2 Photochemical Oxidant Damage .................................................... 499 17.5.3 Effects of PM on Photosynthetically Active Radiation .................. 499

17.6 Regional Climate Change ..........................................................................500 17.6.1 Effects of PM on Sunshine Duration and Temperature .................500 17.6.2 Effects of PM on Precipitation and Clouds ....................................500

17.7 Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants .................................................... 501 17.8 Global Climate Change ..............................................................................502