ABSTRACT
Complementary and alternative veterinary medicine is an inclusive term that describes treatments, therapies, and modalities that are not accepted as components of mainstream veterinary education or practice but that are performed on animals by some practitioners. Although these treatments and therapies often form part of veterinary postgraduate education, study, and writing, they are generally viewed as alternatives or complementary to more universally accepted treatments. Therefore, performing alternative and complementary veterinary treatments on animals constitutes the practice of veterinary medicine such that these procedures may only be performed by a veterinarian or by a nonveterinarian who is directed and supervised by the veterinarian, within the context of a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship. The use of apitherapy in animals is not as common as in humans. Ancient civilizations used bee products for animals too, but modern civilization and “education” have seriously lessened our natural instinctive ability and capability.
