ABSTRACT
The spatial extent of ecosystem services offered by the biosphere, and pollinators, can be further subdivided into their geographic scale of interaction with humans and other species.[8] Services can be proximal (local), derived and applied at a source, or distal (global), derived at a source and distributed broadly. Global services include the regulation of climate and the atmosphere, the transition of energy and materials from one site to another, and the general esthetic value of diversity to human culture. Local services provide environmental regulation at the local scale, mediating disturbance and local climate, fi ltering water, buffering pollution, regulating pests and disease, and providing habitat.
