ABSTRACT
Physical trauma represents one of the most primitive challenges that threatened survival. In other words, injury eliminated the unt. A Sumerian clay tablet (c. 2150 BC) described early wound care that included washing the wound in beer and hot water, using poultices from substances such as wine dregs and lizard dung, and bandaging the wound. Ancient scriptures depicting the science of life or Ayurveda report rened clinical surgical procedures such as rhinoplasty and cheek ˆaps as early as sixth to seventh century BC. This was the beginning of planned physical injury with the intent to cure (Wangensteen, 1975; Mehra, 2002).
