ABSTRACT
Most roadway countermeasures aim at adapting drivers’ behaviour in a safe and efficient manner. Usually, interventions in roadway infrastructure comprise the dual aims of increasing traffic safety and improving traffic efficiency. However, the driving task becomes more and more complex as traffic management schemes vary over the day and night. In addition, the drivers’ population will change in the coming years with an increasing share of older drivers. This chapter focuses on roadway countermeasures both in isolation and in combination with traffic management measures. The chapter begins with a brief description of the driving task, the different stages of human information processing and the three levels of task performance, followed by several examples that illustrate how road users adapt their behaviour as a consequence of roadway countermeasures. These examples include the type of control scheme at signalised intersections, speed humps, reflector posts along rural
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 113 7.2 The Driving Task .......................................................................................... 114 7.3 Examples of Behavioural Adaptation ........................................................... 115
7.3.1 Type of Control Scheme at Signalised Intersections (Fixed-Time versus Vehicle-Actuated) .................................................................. 115
7.3.2 Speed Humps .................................................................................... 117 7.3.3 Effect of Removal of Reflector Posts along Rural Roads in Finland ....117 7.3.4 Profiled Road Markings on Motorways: Speed and
Lane-Keeping Behaviour .................................................................. 118 7.3.5 Cross-Section Lay-Outs on Rural Roads .......................................... 120 7.3.6 Porous Asphalt Road Surfaces .......................................................... 122 7.3.7 Changes in Public Lighting on Motorways ...................................... 123 7.3.8 Two Countermeasures to Influence Driver Behaviour in Fog
(A16 Fog-Signalling System and A59 Chevron Markings) .............. 125 7.4 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 129 References .............................................................................................................. 131
roads, profiled edge markings on motorways, different cross-section lay-outs on rural roads, porous asphalt road surfaces, changes in public lighting on motorways and some countermeasures to improve drivers’ behaviour in foggy conditions.
