ABSTRACT
During the operation of many hydrocarbon industry plants, there is the need to control process conditions by venting gases and/or liquids. In emergency circumstances, relief valves act automatically to limit equipment overpressure. For many decades of the last century, process vents and pressure relief †ows were directed, individually or collectively, to the atmosphere unburned. Gases separated from produced oil were also vented to the atmosphere unburned. The custom of unburned venting began to change in the late 1940s when increased environmental awareness and safety concerns created the desire to convert vents to continuously burning †ares.
