Making the Mold: A Microstructural Perspective on Bone Modeling during Growth and Mechanical Adaptation

Endochondral ossification results in the extension of long bones. Intracortical remodeling maintains the constitutional integrity of existing bone tissue. What then accounts for growth and mechanical adaptation of intramembranous bones and diaphyses; the reduction of the metaphyses and compaction of trabecular voids during long bone extension; and the achievement of mature bone curvature, orientation, and robusticity?