ABSTRACT
Racial minorities, particularly Black Americans, have had a long and troubling history of disparate treatment by U.S. criminal justice authorities. Some have argued that the police, the law and the courts, and the prison system have all been used as “instruments of oppression and subordination based on race,” and if the nation is to complete the processes eliminating this subjugation we “must move to eliminate all vestiges of racial bias” from the criminal justice system (Moss, 1990, p. 88).
