ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the local binary pattern (LBP) operators into image watermarking fields and provide a new semi-fragile watermarking method. It explores the spatial singlelevel watermarking technique based on LBP operators. The chapter provides a multilevel watermarking scheme and its analysis. The LBP operator was proposed to measure the local contrast in texture analysis. In order to lower the computational cost, T. Maenpaa provided another extended LBP operator called uniform LBP operator. The improved LBP operator is based on the features of video frames captured by the two-phase flow monitoring system and ignores the nonsignificant details, so that it can extract the most important texture patterns. G. Zhenhua et al. presented a completed modeling of the LBP operator for texture classification. A local region or a neighborhood is represented by its center pixel and a local difference sign-magnitude transform. It decomposes the image local differences into two complementary components: the signs and the magnitudes, and obtains uniform and nonuniform LBP patterns.
