ABSTRACT
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) represent a serious public health problem with recurrent outbreaks in endemic regions primarily located in South America, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia. The VHFs are from four virus families, Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, Arenaviridae, and Bunyaviridae. Many of the VHFs are listed as category A priority pathogens by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Currently, an approved vaccine, licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is not available for any of the VHFs. Development of vaccines for the VHFs faces numerous challenges.
13.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................207 13.2 Flaviviruses ...........................................................................................................................208
