ABSTRACT
As global resources are rapidly decreasing, implementing reverse logistics has shown thatitcansignicantlyreducethecostofreturnedmerchandise,improvecustomer satisfaction,andincreasetheprotofenterprises.Recently,manyenterpriseshave incorporatedreverselogisticswithconventionalforward-onlylogisticstoforma closed-loopsupplychain.Astate-of-the-artsurveyofreverse-andclose-loopsupply chains can be found in Ilgin and Gupta (2010). A comprehensive overview of a green supplychaincanbefoundinWangandGupta(2011).Withinaclose-loopsupply chain,thelogisticsbetweenthedistribution/collectioncenterandthecustomersis themostcomplicatedpartbecauseitisrelatedtoabi-directionallogisticsregarding
14.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 343 14.2Related Work ................................................................................................344 14.3Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls and Time Windows .................... 347
14.3.1Model VRPBTW ..............................................................................348 14.4Mixed Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls and Time Windows ........ 350
14.4.1 Model MVRPBTW .......................................................................... 352 14.5Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup Problem with Time Windows .............. 353 14.6Flexible Delivery and Pickup Problem with Time Windows ....................... 355
14.6.1Model FDPPTW ............................................................................... 356 14.7Illustrative Example ...................................................................................... 358 14.8 Discussions ................................................................................................... 362 14.9Conclusions ................................................................................................... 362 Acknowledgment ................................................................................................... 363 References .............................................................................................................. 363
delivery and pickup activities. In the literature, such problems have been referred to as delivery and pickup problem (DPP).
