ABSTRACT
Bladder exstrophy has an incidence of 1 in 30 000 live births, with a preponderance of males (males:females, 3:1). Primary epispadias has a similar male bias but is much less common, with an incidence of 1 in 120 000. In the UK, there are between 15 and 20 cases of primary bladder exstrophy and four to six cases of primary epispadias presenting per year. The surgical management of this rare group of anomalies tends to be focused on major surgical
centers and this has enabled the refinement of different surgical approaches. The aims of exstrophy and epispadias repair are:
●● to place the bladder within the abdomen and ultimately to achieve urinary continence;
●● to create satisfactory genital appearance and nearnormal function;
●● to preserve or enable fertility.
