Beyond Presence: How Holistic Experience Drives Training and Education

One of the often-cited bene˜ts of virtual environments (VEs) is that they give participants a means to experience places they would never be able to visit and to perform tasks that would otherwise be too dangerous or expensive. Being transported to such places and feeling the sensation of being there is called presence (Bar˜eld, Zeltzer, Sheridan, & Slater, 1995, p. 475; Heeter, 1992).