ABSTRACT
Over the past two decades, various elds of science and engineering are increasingly investigating engineered nanoparticles. These nanometer-sized particles, typically smaller than 100 nm in at least one dimension, have become important materials in a myriad of applications, for example, as imaging agents in biological and (bio)medical research; as drug delivery vehicles in (bio)medicine; as constituents of paints, coatings,
CONTENTS
12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 269 12.2 Laser Ablation Synthesis in Solution .............................................................................. 271
12.2.1 Experimental Setup ............................................................................................... 271 12.2.2 Mechanism of Laser Ablation .............................................................................. 272
12.2.2.1 Thermal Evaporation Mechanism ........................................................ 274 12.2.2.2 Explosive Ejection Mechanism.............................................................. 275
12.2.3 Mechanism of Nanoparticle Formation ............................................................. 276 12.2.4 Use of Stabilizers .................................................................................................... 276 12.2.5 Inuence of Various Laser Parameters ............................................................... 278
12.2.5.1 Laser Fluence and Beam Size ................................................................ 278 12.2.5.2 Laser Pulse Duration .............................................................................. 278 12.2.5.3 Laser Wavelength .................................................................................... 279 12.2.5.4 Laser Irradiation Time ............................................................................280 12.2.5.5 Laser Repetition Rate .............................................................................. 281
12.3 Applications of LASiS in Biomedical Science ................................................................ 281 12.3.1 In Situ Biofunctionalization of Gold Nanoparticles .......................................... 282 12.3.2 Cancer Treatment ...................................................................................................283 12.3.3 Bio-Imaging with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering .................................285 12.3.4 Transfection Reagents ........................................................................................... 287 12.3.5 Drug Targeting .......................................................................................................288 12.3.6 Nanonization of Drugs ......................................................................................... 289
12.4 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 290 Acknowledgment ........................................................................................................................ 290 References ..................................................................................................................................... 290
and pastes; in electronics and photovoltaic applications; in light emitting diode (LEDs) and lasers; and many other advanced technologies.
