ABSTRACT
Key Points ......................................................................................................................................225 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................226 SSBs and Obesity ........................................................................................................................... 227
Observational Evidence............................................................................................................. 227 Randomized Clinical Trials ....................................................................................................... 229 Meta-Analysis of Added Sugar ................................................................................................. 231
SSBs and Diabetes ......................................................................................................................... 231 SSBs, Obesity, and Diabetes: Are the Associations Causal? ......................................................... 232 SSBs and Cardiovascular Risk .......................................................................................................234 SSBs and Other Metabolic Diseases .............................................................................................. 235 Biological Mechanisms .................................................................................................................. 236 Methodological Considerations in Observational Studies ............................................................. 237 Healthy Alternatives to SSBs ......................................................................................................... 237 Implications for Public Health policy ............................................................................................ 238 Conclusions and Future Directions ................................................................................................ 239 References ......................................................................................................................................240
