ABSTRACT
The term “Metabolic Syndrome” (MS) refers to a group or cluster of risk factors, which together raise the risk of heart disease and related diseases, such as diabetes and stroke [1-3]. Recent advances seem to indicate that the denition may extend to other diseases, including colon cancer and other noncardiovascular diseases [4,5]. Thus, there is an increased awareness of the risk factors that may increase our propensity to acquire many different disease pathologies. The risk factors (Figure 17.1)
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 363 Oxidative Stress and Inammation ........................................................................ 365 High Blood Glucose and Oxidative Stress .............................................................366 Hypertriglyceridemia ............................................................................................. 367 Hypertension .......................................................................................................... 368 Low and Dysfunctional HDL ................................................................................. 369 Waist Circumference/Obesity ................................................................................ 370 Physical Inactivity .................................................................................................. 371 Diet ......................................................................................................................... 372 Smoking ................................................................................................................. 372 MS in Relation to Colon Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease ................................... 373 Take-Home Message .............................................................................................. 373 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 373 References .............................................................................................................. 374
that are typically thought about in the context of the MS are large waistline or waist circumference (WC), elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, dysfunctional or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high blood pressure (BP), higher plasma glucose (GL) levels, dysfunctional endothelium (DE), and inammatory macrophages [6-12]. Family history of cardiovascular diseases, gender, race, ethnicity, dietary and nutritional factors, and other factors, including the use of certain drugs also may contribute to the prole of MS [13,14]. It is suggested that at least three metabolic risk factors be present to be diagnosed with MS.
